Antibiotic Essay - 760 Words

Name: Ridhwan Muzaki Class: DBS3B21 Admin no: P0715427 Module: Introductory pharmacology Assignment: Reflection- Anti-infective journal To begin with, I truly believe that the researchers, who have devoted their lives into studying the dynamics of drug interactions for the purpose of enhancing microbial eradication, are heroes in their own right. They have abide to do something with all their heart and soul for the better of mankind. We are living in an age where commitment is often, obscured by day to day life. Individuals make goals, often in the pursuit of glory, but Muhammad Ali once told us that goals, not written down, are only dreams. One can dream all we like but without commitment, nothing can be achieved. Based on the†¦show more content†¦Most of the time, antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria occur not due to mutation, where the protein that the antibiotic target is altered. Instead, it usually involves the bacteria producing enzymes which targets the antibiotic, rendering it inactive. I believe that the widespread use of antibiotics should stop because if a bacterium becomes resistant to all available antibiotics, possibly, there could be a worldwide epidemic of diseases. In conclusion, I believe that finding ways to optimise the efficiency of current antibiotics are necessary, but one should look at the current statistics. Mutations and bacterial resistance to drugs are becoming less of a rarity. It won’t be too long before a ‘superbug’ emerges and threaten to wipe out the entire human race permanently. There are potential agents everywhere around us. For example, nearly a century ago, biologists discovered viruses that prey upon bacteria. When penicillin and other antibiotics emerged a few decades later, however, physicians largely abandoned their efforts to use these bacteriophages, or phages, to thwart infectious diseases. Shouldn’t we tap into these rather promising ‘natural bacterial killers’ instead of relying on anti-biotics? Something must be done because we are living on borrowedShow MoreRelated Antibiotics Essay1643 Words   |  7 Pages Antibiotics have played a major role in our society thanks to Sir Alexander Flemings careful observations in 1928. Without it, many lives would be in danger due to infectious diseases. Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by various species of microorganisms and other living systems that are capable in small concentrations of inhibiting the growth of or killing bacteria and other microorganisms. These organisms can be bacteria, viruses, fungi, or animals called protozoaRead MoreAntibiotic Resistance and Children Essays1221 Words   |  5 PagesCausative pathogens, antibiotic resistance, and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 16, 449-456 This source is unfiltered as it was taken from the biomedical database OVID. It is appropriate to use nursing practice as it discusses pathogens that have become antibiotic resistant. It is becoming more common in the pediatric population to become antibiotic resistant and education to the parents of unnecessary use of antibiotic is vital to avoidRead More Antibiotic Resistance Essay3071 Words   |  13 PagesAntibiotic Resistance I. Abstract When penicillin was first administered in 1943, it proved to be extraordinary at wiping out nasty cases of syphilis, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, and meningitis infection. With the threat of these deadly infections in ‘check,’ pharmaceutical industries then cut back on their research to discover even more effective antibiotics. This new-found medical confidence inspired patients to merrily run to the clinic to get penicillin prescriptions for everything fromRead MoreEssay on Antibiotic Usage1093 Words   |  5 Pagesproliferation of antibiotic resistance bacteria became evident as Fleming predicted earlier. With the rapid development of infectious disease associated with antibiotic resistance forced us to change the way we view disease and the way we treat patients. However, antibiotic use has not been without consequence and several factors had contributed to the development of resistance. Some resistances are due to spontaneous mutation and these mutations are for select antibiotic resistance whilstRead MoreAntibiotic Resistance Essay1971 Words   |  8 PagesAntibiotic Resistance Nicholas J. Ciotti Nova Southeastern University Biology 1510 Professor A. Hirons March 28, 2011 Abstract Antibiotic resistance is when microorganisms, such as bacteria, are able to survive an exposure to antibiotics and these bacteria are now resistant to the effects of these antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has been an issue since antibiotics were discovered. The fact that bacteria can become resistant to our medical treatments such as antibioticsRead MoreAntibiotic Sensitivity Lab Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesAntibiotic Sensitivity lab A. Define the term selectively toxic. Why is it an important feature of antimicrobial agents? Selective toxicity is the ability of a chemical or drug to kill a microorganism without harming its host. Selective toxicity is important to microbial agents because it enables these agents to inhibit or kill a microorganism by interacting with microbial functions or structures different from those of the host thereby showing little or no effect to the host. B. WhatRead MoreAntibiotic Resistant Bacteria Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesAntibiotic Resistant Bacteria â€Å"Antibiotics is the name given to the group of chemicals, particularly in medicine, that stop or inhibit the growth of, microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and parasites, or that kill the microorganism. They are, however, completely ineffective against viruses. There are two kinds of antibiotics, namely; bactericides, which interfere with the cell wall or contents of the bacteria, thereby killing it, and bacteriostatics, which prevent the bacteria from reproducingRead MoreEssay Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria757 Words   |  4 PagesAntibiotic Resistance in Bacteria For about 50 years, antibiotics have been the answer to many bacterial infections. Antibiotics are chemical substances that are secreted by living things. Doctors prescribed these medicines to cure many diseases. During World War II, it treated one of the biggest killers during wartime - infected wounds. It was the beginning of the antibiotic era. But just when antibiotics were being mass produced, bacteria started to evolve and became resistant to these medicinesRead MoreStrategies in Controlling Antibiotic Resistance Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pagesto control antibiotic resistance. I thought it was a good article for me to read so I can adapt some of these strategies in my practice as a nurse practitioner. Healthcare has been forever changed with the discovery of antibiotics. Although considered one of the biggest discoveries in the last century, there has been less work done to create new antibiotics in more recent years. Once antibiotic use became widespread, resistance to these drugs has been slowly brewing. This antibiotic resistanceRead MoreThe Evolution of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Essay1412 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Since antibiotics, such as penicillin, became widely available in the 1940s, they have been called miracle drugs. They have been able to eliminate bacteria without significantly harming the other cells of the host. Now with each passing year, bacteria that are immune to antibiotics have become more and more common. This turn of events presents us with an alarming problem. Strains of bacteria that are resistant to all prescribed antibiotics are beginning

Anorexia Nervosa Is A Disorder Characterized By Abnormal...

Anorexia nervosa is a disorder characterized by abnormal eating behaviors. People with anorexia have a fear of gaining weight which causes them to try and maintain a low weight. They will do anything to prevent weight gain. This includes starvation and exercising too much. They do this because not only do they have the fear of gaining weight they have a distorted body image which means even if they are extremely thin they will believe that they are overweight. (Ehrlich, 2015). Anorexia is not really about food and weight at its core. Many eating disorders are much more complicated than that and they run a lot deeper than just appearance. The real cause of the disorder could be depression, loneliness, insecurity or feeling out of control. Typically, things that just weight loss cannot cure. (Smith and Segal, 2015). It is an emotional disorder that focuses on food. People with anorexia believe that their self worth is tied to how thin they are. Anorexia is common especially in young wo man in industrialized countries where cultural ideals encourage woman to be thin. Anorexia is also affecting a growing number of men, particularly athletes and those in the military who wish to be thin. (Ehrlich, 2015). The exact causes of Anorexia Nervosa are unknown since many factors may be involved. Genes and hormones may be involved, also social attitudes that promote thin body types may also be involved. Risk factors for anorexia include being ore worried about weight and shape, having anShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders Are Generally Characterized By Any Range Of Abnormal Or Disturbed Eating Habits924 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders are generally characterized by any range of abnormal or disturbed eating habits. The previous DSM editions referenced eating disorders throughout the text, whereas the DSM-5 contains all of the eating disorders in one chapter titled, â€Å"Feeding and Eating Disorders†. Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa have endured some changes in the revision of the DSM-5, while there were additional disorders added. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and binge eating disorder were two disordersRead MoreEating Disorders883 Words   |  4 PagesEating Diso rders INTRODUCTION Attention Getter Do you like what you see when you look in the mirror? Imagine looking in the mirror and you see something other than what is truly there. That is a nightmare that many women suffering with eating disorders live with everyday. No matter how pretty or slim they are, all they can see is ugly and obese in that mirror. Thesis Statement Eating disorders affect millions of people every year, and can even result in death. I will explain what a eatingRead More Eating Disorders Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesAn eating disorder is an extreme expression of emotion, distress, or inner problems. An eating disorder can be compared to drug use or self mutilation as a way to relieve pain or stress. Food or the denial of food becomes the drug of choice and is used to numb painful feelings. There are three main types of eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder, also known as compulsive eating disorder. Anorexia Nervosa is an extremely abnormal fear of gaining weight, a distortedRead MoreEating Disorders Can Be Generally Characterized By Any Range Of Abnormal Or Disturbed Eating Habits897 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders can be generally characterized by any range of abnormal or disturbed eating habits. The DSM IV has expanded from two categories of eating disorders; Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa, to three categories; now including Binge Eating Disorder. As defined in the DSM IV, Anorexia Nervosa is predominately found in adolescent girls and young women. The disorder is defined as distorted body image and excessive dieting that leads to severe weight loss with an obsessive fear of becomingRead MoreEssay on Biochemical Correlates of Anorexia and Bulimia1070 Words   |  5 PagesBiochemical Correlates of Anorexia and Bulimia Millions of people in the United States suffer from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is a dangerous eating disorder characterized by distorted body image, obsession with food and weight, drastic reduction in food intake often to the point of starvation, and extreme weight loss (1). Bulimia nervosa is a somewhat similar eating disorder more specifically characterized by recurring episodes of uncontrollable binge eating followed by self-inducedRead MoreThe Three Main Types Of Eating Disorders1305 Words   |  6 PagesEating Disorders The three main types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating, are complex pschyatriac disorders. The classification and diagnosis of each disorder is challenging because diagnostic symptoms and behaviours overlap. These disorders consist of various biological, psychological and sociological factors. They frequently coexist with other illnesses such as depression, substance abuse, or anxiety disorders. (ANAD) Eating disorders are commonly associatedRead MoreTaking a Look at Eating Disorders1708 Words   |  7 Pages EATING DISORDERS Introduction: Eating disorders are conditions characterized by abnormal eating habits that include excessive or insufficient food eating habits that hampers a person’s mental as well as physical health. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are the most common types. Others are binge eating disorder and eating disorder not otherwise specified. Classification: †¢ Anorexia nervosa (AN), †¢ Bulimia nervosa (BN), †¢ Eating disorders not otherwise specified †¢ Binge eating disorderRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1443 Words   |  6 Pages Eating Disorders Sean Boehm Abnormal Psychology Professor. Johnston Farmingdale State College Due November 24th 2014 â€Æ' An eating disorder is a disorder that specifically focuses on the person’s weight and these behaviors are so detrimental not only to their performance in their everyday life but to their physical health. According to Hoeksema (2014) eating disorders can be characterized in three ways which include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Anorexia nervosaRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa1152 Words   |  5 Pagespervasiveness of eating disorders, Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa, has risen notably amongst women in the Western World. Eating disorders (EDs) are mental disorders â€Å"characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior that results in the altered consumption or absorption of food and that significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning† (American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2013). The most well-known types of eating disorders are Anorexia and BulimiaRead MoreEating Disor ders And Eating Disorder1410 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"An eating disorder is about anxiety and control and healing from trauma and food and weight are just the tools of destruction† (Floyd, Mimms, Yelding, 2008). An eating disorder is defined as a severe disturbance in eating behavior. An eating disorder, as defined by our text book for class, is psychological disturbances that lead to certain physiological changes and serious health complications. The three most common and most easily identifiable forms of eating disorders include anorexia nervosa

Cell Division Free Essays

I believe that our observations are repressentative of cell division taking place in the oinon root tip. Firstly, this is because our numbers of the number of cells in each phase of mitosis are similar to the rest of the groups, so we can assume our results are most likely correct. We can also assume our calculations are right because we know that Interphase is the most active phase in the process of cell divison, which would agree with our calculations since we assume that approxiamtly 93% of cells are going though Interphase. We will write a custom essay sample on Cell Division or any similar topic only for you Order Now The phases of mitosis are much shorter then that of Interphase, and the cell spends less time in these phases. This agrees with our calculations because they run around 2-10%, conculding the fact that it is right to infere that a smaller amount of cells would be in the phases of mitosis. 5. Plants use a similar process with a few differences than in the human process. A plant cell creates a mitotic spindle and has a centrosome, but it does not have a centrioles, as in human chromosomes. The other major difference in plants is the way in which cytokinesis occurs. In human cells, the plasma membrane invaginates along the equator of the cell, creating a cleavage furrow that will separate the cytoplasm in two daughter cells. Plant cells have rigid cell walls that prevent this. Instead, they use two different approaches for cytokinesis. The plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward together, eventually separating the parent cell into two. Then the cell wall(which human cells do not contain) will separate the two daughter cells, and the cell wall starts growing in the middle of the cell between the two nuclei. This is known as the cell plate. It continues growing until its edges reach the cell’s outer surface, separating the parent cell into two daughter cells. 6. Not all cells in the meristematic region of the onion appear to have a nucleus. This is because The earliest cells, and all prokaryote cells, don’t have a nucleus. Inside these simple cells, the DNA molecules just float around in the cytoplasm. When the cells have devoloped, most likely during telophase,the nucleus will appear. 7. The result of if the chromosomes of the two daughter cells remained on one side of the cell plate could be non-disjunction, where a chromosome may fail to separate during anaphase. One daughter cell will receive both sister chromosomes and the other will receive none. This results in the former cell having three chromosomes containing the same genes (two sisters and a homologue), and will develop into a condition called trisomy, and the latter cell which would only have one chromosome (the homologous chromosome), would be a condition known as monosomy. These cells are considered aneuploid, a condition often associated with cancer. 8. A class result is better in the measure of the time for each miotic phase because we can compare each number of time that each group gets. If the numbers are similar we can infere that it is more probable to be the right answer, and can exclude any numbers that are an abnormal greater difference then the rest. By comparing all the calculations and observations of the class, we can justify the observations that are similar to those of the rest of the class. 9. Biocide 2-4D would harm and prevent the action of the substances within the meristematic cells of the plants. It will also cause major issues in sex cells because the chromosomes during metaphase 1 will not exchange proper genes with each other. How to cite Cell Division, Papers

Feelings and opinions concerning different characters from the play The Merchant of Venice Essay Example For Students

Feelings and opinions concerning different characters from the play The Merchant of Venice Essay As we read Shakespeares comedy play The Merchant of Venice we experience different emotions towards different characters at different times. This is deliberate on Shakespeares part throughout the play. One of the characters we feel most strongly about is Jessica, Shylocks daughter. When she enters the play in Act II Scene III, she immediately makes the audience feel sympathy towards her because of her situation. Although she herself wants to leave home, her father is forcing her into going. In this short scene there is much talk of Jewishness from which we conclude that Jessica is ashamed of her ancestry. As the audience has already met Shylock and know his character, its first impressions of Jessica may be that she has had an unhappy childhood. In line 17, Jessica says, To be ashamed to be my fathers child. Shylock is portrayed as a lone figure in the play, underlined by the fact that even his own daughter is ashamed of him. We feel sympathy for Jessica in this speech. At the end of Act II Scene V, Jessica exclaims to herself Farewell, and if my fortune not be crossed, I have a father, you a daughter lost a rhyming couplet is used to add more emphasis to the statement, basically saying that Shylock has lost his daughter. It is at this point that Jessica, probably unintentionally, begins the gradual process of stripping Shylock of everything he possesses. Jessica does not confront Shylock however and in this respect may appear cowardly. She could also be seen as being unfair to her father and slightly black hearted. However, Jessica also appears very strong-willed and determined evidenced by her being prepared to abandon not only her father but also her religion in pursuit of her love for Lorenzo. In Act II Scene VI, Jessica is ashamed and embarrassed to be dressed as a boy. When Lorenzo states that Jessica must be his torchbearer, Jessica says What, must I hold a candle to my shames? Jessicas actions (leaving home and stealing her fathers possessions) may perhaps be justified by her desire to embrace Christianity. This would have been seen as a sign of moral excellence in Shakespeares time rather than an act of abandoning her faith. It might not be so favourable in todays modern society. Although Shylock should provide for his daughter, Jessica may be greedy in taking all of his money and valuables. However, when she does this, she is breaking two of the Ten Commandments by dishonouring her father and stealing. We feel that she is doing wrong and being sinful. We do not hear of Jessica again until Act III Scene I. Shylock is telling Tubal that he would rather his daughter was dead and that he had the jewels than for him to be in his current situation. This is a terrible thing to say about his own daughter and we can understand, maybe even justify, Jessicas wish to elope with Lorenzo and flee her father. All feelings of disgust about Jessicas actions, which may have been greedy, selfish and uncaring, are wiped out when we hear Shylocks words and actions. Even if Shylock is talking in the heat of the moment, his words are still unforgiving. This gives us reason to feel sorry for Jessica. However, when we learn that Jessica traded a very precious turquoise ring for a monkey, we feel that Jessica is cruel and selfish as she knew that it had sentimental value for Shylock (it was given to him by his late wife Leah). Her casual use of Shylocks money, as reported by Tubal, infuriates Shylock and could make us see Jessica as irresponsible and carel ess. Throughout these scenes, Shylocks prime concern seems to be for himself only. I would my daughter were dead at my foot, and the jewels in her ear. His actions throughout the play make us err on the side of Jessica. Moving on a scene, in lines 284 290, Jessica talks about Shylock and his countrymen. From her words we learn that Jessica no longer sees herself as a Jew. She has moved on and we recognise that Jessica is coping well and we admire her because she has been through a lot and has emerged well. When Shylock bemoans his loss publicly, much to the amusement of all (Salerio and Solanio in particular), it lessens the impact of what Jessica has done and helps to bias the audience against Shylock and towards Jessica. In Scene IV Portia leaves Lorenzo and Jessica in charge of her house in Belmont. As we recognise Portia as wise and clever, this strengthens our belief in Jessica. Jessica complements Portias trust with her generous and thoughtful character sketch of Portia in Scene V. For having such a blessing in his lady is just one of the compliments Jessica gives Portia. Act V is not just about lovers but about love itself. In Scene I we think of Jessica as romantic and loving but unloved herself in childhood. She exchanges words of love with Lorenzo but dislikes sweet music. Again, this makes us feel pity for Jessica. In this scene Lorenzo and Jessica conjure up classical images of love and relax in the moonlight a scene about peace and happiness. Their love for each other and the influence of their surroundings is unmistakable a vivid contrast to the drama of the previous scene. The lyrical poetry in scenes involving Jessica and Lorenzo epitomises the power of love a vital theme of the play. Because of her actions, we see Jessica as a romantic but she also evokes numerous other feelings. The light hearted tone of the concluding scenes helps us to look upon Jessica and her actions in a more forgiving light. Shylock should have been able to give his daughter his love and his wealth. The one thing that cannot be stolen by his daughter and which is worth far more than material things, he does not present at all his love. His wealth, which he values above all, she steals. We see this as Shylocks just reward. Very famous play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare EssayIn the first scene of Act II, Morocco declares his love for Portia and she agrees to abide by her fathers terms. He seems very arrogant. She handles the situation diplomatically and we respect her for this. In Act II Scene VII, Morocco goes for gold because of its appearance and reality. Morocco is very arrogant, he says things like A golden mind stoops not to shows of dross, (referring to himself as having a golden mind). He believes he deserves Portia. In the end he picks Gold (the wrong casket) and leaves, disheartened. Portia ends the scene with a possibly racist rhyming couplet. A gentle riddance, draw the curtains, go. Let all of his complexion choose me so. We trust Portia a little less for this and start to feel unsure of her. The Prince of Arragon arrives to choose one of the three caskets. Shakespeare may have chosen his name to suit his arrogance, because, he, like Morocco seems to have this in abundance. An example of this is when he says, that many may be meant by the fool multitude that choose by show. He obviously considers himself to be above other men. He chooses silver after a lengthy conversation with himself. Portia is glad to see the back of him and just wishes they would just get on with choosing; O these deliberate fools, when they do choose, they have the wisdom to by their wit to loose. We can understand this and it shouldnt be held against her. At the end of the scene, a messenger arrives, speaking of a young Venetian. Nerissa and Portia hope that it will be Bassanio. This shows us that Portia likes Bassanio a lot. Our thoughts that Portia is fond of Bassanio strengthen when Portia declares she wants Portia to delay choosing a casket so she can spend some time with him. However, Portia does have trust in her fathers will. She realises that if Bassanio loves her, he will choose the right casket unlike her other unsuccessful suitors. This tells us that Portia does have common sense and that she does think quite clearly. This alters our feelings and opinions of Portia in her favour in this scene (Scene II). Portia asks for music to be played when Bassanio makes his choice but she did not do this with Morocco or Arragon. This could mean she prefers Bassanio to her other suitors, a point reinforced when the first three lines of the song: (Tell me where is fancy bred, or in the heart or in the head? How begot, how nourished?) rhyme with lead. Bassanios correct choice of casket is met with joy from Portia. They both talk of how willing they both are to get married and enjoy life. At this point we feel happy for Portia because she has got what she wants at last. In this same scene, Portia talks about herself as an unlessoned girl, unschooled, unpractised. This could be modesty. We respect her even more because she is not at all arrogant. Still in scene II, Portia gives Bassanio a ring. She tells him never to remove it. If he does, it will be the ruin of your love according to Portia. Portias intelligence, independence and moral sense have been apparent before, but shes not been very involved so far. In Act III Scene IV this changes completely. She now has to take risks and be deceptive. Portia reveals many other sides to her character in this scene. Then she suddenly reveals a youthful sense of fun and adventure with Nerissa, boasting like a child about what a fine-looking young man she will be. Ill prove the prettier fellow of the two. This may be boasting a little but our feelings of Portia do not dwindle and we are still very much intrigued into what is going to happen. In the Trial Scene Nerissa introduces Balthazar (Portia) Portia soon speaks her Beauty Speech but this has no effect on Shylock as he insists on his bond. Portia is very as she lets clever; letting Shylock think he is going to win, and then, once he has had his chance, she lets him down at the last minute. We respect her intelligence highly. We have to admire Portia as Shylock does for trying to change his mind but when she sees it is no use, she lets him sharpen his knife and walk up to Antonio. However, she declares that not one drop of blood may be spilt. Shylock, tries to take money instead but that is also refused. We have to admire Portias cunning in the scene. It is then stated that half Shylocks goods must go to Antonio and half must go to the State of Venice. His life is also in the balance. In Act IV Scene I, Portia and Nerissa ask Bassanio and Gratiano respectively for gifts. They agree to give their wives, who they think are the doctor and the messenger boy their rings. We admire Portias cunning once again in this scene but she also loses respect from the reader in light of here cruel and uncalled for actions. In the last Act, (Act V), Portia confronts Bassanio about the whereabouts of his ring. He tells the truth and eventually Portia tells him the truth, that she was teasing him. Her point that she has successfully made is that now Antonios life has been saved, the bond that matters now is the bond with Portia. Portias love for Bassanio, and therefore, his friend Antonio, overpowers Shylocks greed and defeats him. She demonstrates the power of love and friendship over greed.